Fireworks
Fireworks process buildings include any buildings in which pyrotechnic compositions or explosives materials are mixed, pressed, finished, or assembled. Outdoor pyrotechnic mixing areas (e.g., areas used for mixing flash or black powder) are included in the definition of fireworks mixing buildings and are therefore considered “fireworks process buildings” which are subject to the distance and weight limitations addressed at 27 CFR §§ 555.222 and 555.223. Fireworks process buildings do not include plant warehouses, office buildings, or other buildings and areas in which no fireworks, pyrotechnic compositions, or explosive materials are processed or stored. Further, ATF has determined that open outdoor areas used for assembly operations other than mixing would not fall within the definition of “fireworks process buildings” because the term “area” is only used for defining “fireworks mixing building”. Keep in mind that all pyrotechnic mixing and assembling operations in process buildings must meet the aforementioned distance and weight limitations in §§ 555.222 and 555.223. [27 CFR 555.11: definition of “fireworks process building”]
Display fireworks may be temporarily stored on trucks in type 3 magazines provided the magazine is attended at all times. Also, see ATF Ruling 2007–2.
Any fireworks defined as "display fireworks" in 27 CFR 555.11 may be lawfully received or transported only by persons who hold a valid license or permit. No ATF license or permit is required to receive or transport "consumer fireworks" or "articles pyrotechnic".
[18 U.S.C. 842(a)(3); 27 CFR 555.26, 555.141(a)(7)]
Display fireworks, with the exception of bulk salutes, are considered low explosives and, at a minimum, must be stored in type 4 storage magazines. They may also be stored in type 1 or type 2 magazines. Bulk salutes, which are defined as either salute components prior to final assembly into aerial shells, (or) finished salute shells held separately prior to being packed with other types of display fireworks, are classified as high explosives. As such, bulk salutes may only be stored in type 1 or type 2 magazines specifically constructed for the storage of high explosives.
[27 CFR 555.11, 555.202(b), 555.203(d), 555.207, 555.208, 555.210]
Yes. Display fireworks include, but are not limited to, salutes containing more than 2 grains (130 mg) of flash powder, aerial shells containing more than 40 grams of pyrotechnic compositions (excluding the lift charge), and other display pieces which exceed the limits of explosive materials for classification as "consumer fireworks". These fireworks are classified as fireworks UN0333, UN0334, or UN0335 by regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 172.101. Display fireworks also include fused set pieces containing components which together exceed 50 mg of salute powder. Any fireworks defined as “display fireworks” in 27 CFR 555.11 may be lawfully received or transported only by persons who hold a valid license or permit. No ATF license or permit is required to receive or transport “consumer fireworks” or “articles pyrotechnic”.
[18 U.S.C. 842(a)(3); 27 CFR 555.26, 555.141(a)(7); 27 CFR 555.11: definition of "display fireworks"]
Generally, the importation, distribution, and storage of fireworks defined as consumer fireworks are exempted from the provisions of the federal explosives laws. However, because they contain pyrotechnic compositions classed by ATF as explosive materials, the manufacture of consumer fireworks requires a manufacturer’s license. In addition, pyrotechnic compositions used in the manufacture of consumer fireworks must be stored in accordance with regulations in 27 CFR Subpart K. Consumer fireworks are defined as "any small firework device designed to produce visible effects by combustion and which must comply with the construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, as set forth in Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, parts 1500 and 1507. Some small devices designed to produce audible effects are included, such as whistling devices, ground devices containing 50 mg or less of flash powder, and aerial devices containing 130 mg or less of flash powder. Consumer fireworks are classified as fireworks UN0336 and UN0337 by the U.S. Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 172.101. This term does not include fused set pieces containing components which together exceed 50 mg of salute powder."
[27 CFR 555.11: definition of "consumer fireworks"; definition of "licensed manufacturer", 555.141(a)(7)]
The transfer of display fireworks generally constitutes a distribution as defined in 27 CFR § 555.11. Therefore, you are permitted to receive display fireworks from the municipality but must maintain a record of the acquisition pursuant to 27 CFR, Part 555, Subpart G – Records and Reports. Additionally, you must maintain a daily summary of magazine transactions pursuant to 27 CFR § 555.127 for all explosives stored in your magazines.
Pursuant to 27 CFR § 555.141(a)(3), Federal explosives regulations generally do not apply to the “transportation, shipment, receipt, or importation of explosive materials for delivery to any agency of the United States or to any State or its political subdivision.” Although the city is required to properly store explosives, it is exempt from the Federal licensing requirements at 27 CFR, Part 555, and can receive display fireworks without possessing a Federal explosives license or permit. Therefore, you can return the display fireworks to the city prior to the show so long as you enter this disposition in your permanent records as required under 27 CFR, Part 555, Subpart G.
Yes. The attachment of igniters to the display fireworks at the fireworks plant constitutes an assembly process and is considered “processing.” Any building in which igniters are attached to display fireworks is considered a “fireworks process building,” which is defined, in part, in 27 CFR § 555.11 as “…any building in which pyrotechnic compositions or explosive materials is pressed or otherwise prepared for finished and assembly…” Be advised that the display shells and igniters cannot be stored in a process building overnight and must be moved to an explosives magazine which complies with the requirements in 27 CFR § 555, Subpart K.
No. If all of your imported fireworks are used for your company’s display shows, no import markings are required. However, any subsequent distribution of display fireworks without the proper markings required by 27 CFR § 555.109 would place you in violation of Federal explosives laws. Import markings are required to be placed on display fireworks for sale or distribution within 15 days following their release from U.S. Customs custody.
Although you may lawfully receive and store the display fireworks, your return or distribution of explosive materials to a person who does not hold a federal license or permit would violate Federal law, 18 U.S.C. § 842(b).
A vehicle does not fall under the definition of the term “inhabited building,” as defined in 27 CFR § 555.11 and further clarified in ATF Ruling 2005-3. However, the hotel would be considered an inhabited building when determining distances needed to comply with table of distance requirements at 27 CFR § 555.224. Further, you are required to comply with any State and local requirements regarding storage of explosive materials.
By way of background, in order for the manufacturing and transportation to be considered under the authority of a Federal explosives license or permit, the manufacturing and transportation of fireworks by volunteer club members must be supervised by an authorized member of the club, such as an officer of the club, who is listed as a responsible person on the license or permit application. Further, these fireworks must be transported in compliance with USDOT regulations.
If your fireworks meet the definition of “Display Fireworks” under 27 CFR § 555.11, you must use the table of distance requirements found in 27 CFR § 555.224, Table of distances for the storage of display fireworks (except bulk salutes). You are required to use the table of distance requirements found in 27 CFR § 555.218 if your magazine contains bulk salutes or flash powder, or if the net explosives weight of your display fireworks magazine exceeds 10,000 pounds.
General
No, assuming the antique firearm is not a replica designed or redesigned for using rimfire or conventional centerfire fixed ammunition. The antique firearm also cannot be a black powder muzzle loading weapon that incorporates a firearm frame or receiver, have been converted into a muzzle loading weapon, or uses fixed ammunition (or readily converted to do so).
[18 U.S.C. 921(a)(3) and (16); 27 CFR 478.11 and 478.141(d)]
Because black powder firearms are considered antique firearms, the possession of a black powder firearm by a person subject to federal firearms disabilities is not prohibited by the GCA. However, a person subject to federal firearms disabilities may not receive and/or possess black powder firearms that can be readily converted to fire fixed ammunition by replacing the barrel, bolt, breechblock, or any combination thereof which are classified as "firearms." Additionally, state law may prohibit the possession of a black powder firearm by persons who are not federally prohibited from possessing them. Please contact your state's Attorney General’s Office for information regarding black powder firearms.
[18 U.S.C. 921(a)(3) and (16); 27 CFR 478.11 and 478.141(d)]
Persons convicted of a disabling offense may seek to have their firearms rights restored by means other than a federal relief from firearms disabilities pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 925(c). Other means of restoring firearms rights include:
A person convicted of a federal offense may apply for a presidential pardon. 28 CFR Part I specifies the rules governing petitions for obtaining presidential pardons. You may contact the Pardon Attorney’s Office at the U.S. Department of Justice to inquire about the procedures for obtaining a presidential pardon.
A person convicted of a state offense may contact the State Attorney General’s Office in the state of their conviction for information concerning the availability of expungements, set asides, pardons and civil rights restoration.
Any pardon, expungement, set aside, or restoration of civil rights must completely remove the effects of a prior conviction, including any restrictions on the shipment, transportation, receipt, and possession of firearms, for firearms rights under federal law to be restored.
A person who is prohibited from possessing, shipping, transporting, or receiving firearms or ammunition may make application to the Attorney General for relief from the firearms disability. The Attorney General may grant such relief if it is established to the Attorney General’s satisfaction that the circumstances regarding the disability, and the applicant’s record and reputation, are such that the applicant will not be likely to act in a manner dangerous to public safety and that the granting of relief would not be contrary to the public interest. See 18 U.S.C. § 925(c).
On March 20, 2025, the Department of Justice issued an interim final rule. As a result, ATF no longer has authority to process applications for relief from firearms disabilities. See https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/20/2025-04872/withdrawing-the-attorney-generals-delegation-of-authority. For those interested in pursuing relief under Section 925(c), please note the Interim Final Rule’s statement that “the Department anticipates future actions, including rulemaking consistent with applicable law, to give full effect to 18 U.S.C. 925(c) while simultaneously ensuring that violent or dangerous individuals remain disabled from lawfully acquiring firearms.” 90 Fed. Reg. at 13,083.
Yes. A license is required to import or manufacture ammunition. However, a license is not required to deal only in ammunition. Ammunition includes cartridge cases, primers, bullets or propellant powder designed for use in any firearm other than an antique firearm.
[18 U.S.C. 921(a)(17), 922(a)(1)(B) and 923(a); 27 CFR 478.11]
Yes, a person who —
(1) Has been convicted in any court of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding 1 year;
(2) Is a fugitive from justice;
(3) Is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance;
(4) Has been adjudicated as a mental defective or has been committed to a mental institution;
(5) Is an alien illegally or unlawfully in the United States or an alien admitted to the United States under a nonimmigrant visa;
(6) Has been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions;
(7) Having been a citizen of the United States, has renounced his or her citizenship;
(8) Is subject to a court order that restrains the person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner or child of such intimate partner issued after a hearing
at which notice was given to the person and at which the person had an opportunity to participate, and includes a finding that the person subject to the order represents a credible threat to the intimate partner or child or the intimate partner OR explicitly prohibits the use, attempted use, or threatened use of force against the partner; or
(9) Has been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence cannot lawfully receive, possess, ship, or transport a firearm or ammunition,is prohibited from shipping, transporting, possessing, or receiving firearms and ammunition.
A person who is under indictment or information for a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding 1 year cannot lawfully ship, transport, or receive a firearm or ammunition. Such persons may continue to lawfully possess firearms and ammunition obtained prior to the indictment or information, but cannot do so once the conviction becomes final.
[18 U.S.C. 922(g) and (n); 27 CFR 478.32]
